When the sense of balance is interrupted it causes dizziness, disorientation and nausea. The three semicircular canals are marked AC (anterior canal), PC (posterior canal), and HC (horizontal canal). Thin straight arrows show direction of slow components, thick straight arrows show direction of fast components, and curved arrows show direction of endolymph flow in the horizontal semicircular canals. This figure shows nerve activity associated with rotational-induced physiologic nystagmus and spontaneous nystagmus resulting from a lesion of one labyrinth. Visual signals sent to the brain about the body's position in relation to its surroundings are processed by the brain and compared to information from the vestibular and skeletal systems. The balance system works with the visual and skeletal systems (the muscles and joints and their sensors) to maintain orientation or balance. This is called the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). The vestibular system, the region of the inner ear where three semicircular canals converge, works with the visual system to keep objects in focus when the head is moving. Equilibrioception is the result of a number of sensory systems working together the eyes ( visual system), the inner ears ( vestibular system), and the body's sense of where it is in space ( proprioception) ideally need to be intact. It helps prevent humans and nonhuman animals from falling over when standing or moving. The sense of balance or equilibrioception is the perception of balance and spatial orientation.
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